FWIW a guy on another forum who does a lot of frame modification and repair for heavy trucks and towing says that they never weld the corners of the patch piece. They fish mouth the ends to get more weld on the patch but the claim is that welding the corners causes stress risers that eventually lead to cracks. Will that matter on a ZJ frame rail? Maybe not, especially when the factory part is held in with a few spot welds. OTOH it sounds and looks like the factory bracket fails because the spot welds form stress risers and cracks and eventually the bracket rips out.
And here is the text from his post (long) about welding frames. Yes I know the ZJ is unibody but the principles still apply:
There's nothing wrong with welding a frame, so long as its done correctly. Never do a transverse weld on a patch! The repair procedure is:
0. Most Important: Disconnect the battery and unplug any computers and electronics (ECM, etc), or pull the fuses. Don't forget the radio, airbag module, alternator and other electronics.
1. V-grind the breaks on both the long (web) and short (flange) axis, on both inside and outside (can't do inside on a box frame)
2. pull the crack together using appropriate application of force. Be creative in the use of jacks, stands, bars, clamps, hydraulic pull/push, etc. Make the frame as straight as possible.
3. Tack weld the open end of the crack(s) Insert some back-up pieces against the inside of the cracks if its a box frame (1/8" or 3/16" thick is OK; form a single insert to make it easier to hold in place)
4. Run a full penetration set of beads to fill the "V". A contact electrode like E7012 would probably make the nicest bead with good penetration. Whatever electrode you use, make sure it is rated for all-position use. I'd avoid using MIG as it can look pretty while having little penetration.
5. Grind the beads flush with the adjacent surfaces
6. Fabricate web patches that resemble an hourglass to bridge the crack. ~4" at the widest and 2" at the narrowest is OK, with the patch htall enough to span the width of the frame at the crack; it should *just* reach the curve where the web meets the flange. The top and bottom of the patch should be straight, like an hourglass. Thickness should be about the same as the frame if sandwiching the frame; if one-sided, use thicker than the frame. If sandwiching the frame, make one patch wider than the other. Check the FSM for the material spec on the frame. For most patches A36 (36 KSI) structural steel is OK. If the frame is stronger, cut the patches from A50 (50 KSI) structural steel square/rectangular tube of appropriate wall thickness. btw 50 KSI steel has nicely radiused corners and is perfect for fabricating hitch mounts (I'm making mounts for a 5th wheel at the moment). Flange patches are made from flat stock.
7. Grind the perimeter of the patches on one side to provide an undercut for better weld penetration.
8. Weld the web patches into place, completely around the perimeter *EXCEPT* for ~3/4" of the transverse area at the upper and lower corners, again with E7012. Use the skip welding pattern to reduce distortion.
9. Flat stock is used for the flange patches. Cut them ~2" longer than the width of the wisest web patch, and centered over the crack. Weld the flange patches into place uning ONLY longitudinal welds. Use the skip pattern to reduce distortion. *DO NOT* make a transverse weld at the ends of the patch!
10. Remove any slag and spatter, brush with a wire wheel, then coat with appripriate primer and finish paint.
11. Reconnect all fuses and connectors that were unplugged before the repair work.
If the lower flange ripped away from the web, a web-to-web stiffener can be used as a reinforcement next to the hitch mounting bolt, on the outboard side of the bolt. Cut the stiffener to snugly fit into the frame section, with diagonal cuts so the corners don't touch. Weld to the web on alternating sides of the stiffener (2 on one side, 1 on the other, with gaps separating the ends of the welds from the adjacent one; each weld should be 15-20% of the section height of the frame). On a box frame you can only work from one side, so just use 2 welds to each web, each ~20% of the section height, equally spaced. Use a single weld to each web, ~1/2 the section width, centered on the web, on the side nearest the bolt. DO NOT weld near the corners of the stiffener or frame.
The hourglass-shape web patch eliminates the localized stress created by a straight patch. The frame *will* crack again next to the weld if a straight transverse patch is used.
If you don't have access to a welder, you can bolt the patch. The shape of the patch doesn't matter unless you will weld it at a later date, then use an "8" shape on the web. The bolts cannot be placed in a transverse line; they must be staggered with the rows and columns at least one bolt diameter apart. Use 2 or 3 rows on each side of the crack. Grade-5 hardware will suffice in most cases. For a pickup truck frame 7/16" or 1/2" diameter hardware is plenty. Try to pick the length so that the unthreaded shank acts as a pin through the shear plane between the patch and the frame. Try to alternate the bolts from side to side to distribute the pin action. On the flanges, stay at least one bolt diameter away from the edge of the flange. Try to drill the holes as cleanly as possible so the bolts have a snug fit. Borrow or rent a magnetic base drill (used for field-drilling structural steel) and use a split-point twist drill for best results. Use Loctite on the threads and properly torque the fasteners. Lockwashers should not be used. If you need flat washers, use only Grade-8 washers.
The hourglass shape need not be perfect. You can drill a patch plate with a 3/4" or larger drill to form the inside radius of the neck, then saw cut the rest in a straight line and cut/grind a radius at the four corners. NEVER use a patch that has sharp inside or outside corners. Any sharp corner is a stress concentration, and can initiate a crack.
If you don't remember anything else:
- *NEVER* use a straight transverse patch on a frame structure. A straight transverse patch *WILL* crack again immediately adjacent to the weld.
- *NEVER* use a straight transverse weld on any patch. There's generally no limit on longitudinal welds. Use the skip welding pattern to reduce distortion.
- The hourglass-shape patch spreads the tensile stress in the web so that there's no stress concentration adjacent to the weld. Do not weld the transverse area at the outside corners of the patch.
- On a C-section frame, NEVER reduce the width of the flange without adding thickness.
- *NEVER* weld the ends of a flange patch or the transverse area at the corners of the web patch.
- The web patch must have radiused inside and outside corners. Any sharp corner is a stress concentration that can initiate a future crack.
- Weld quality is important. Use the appropriate electrode and current to get good penetration without undercut of the base metal.
Ken
